IQ100 yana nufin matsakaicin mutanen shekarunka ko nawa shekarunka
IQ a gwaje-gwaje kamar WAIS maki ne da aka daidaita domin nuna matsayin mutum a cikin rukunin mutanen shekarunsa. IQ100 yana nufin kusa da matsakaicin mutanen shekarunka, ko kana da shekaru 20 ko 70.
A WAIS-IV na Turanci, ana sauya asalin maki na kowane ƙaramin gwaji zuwa maki da aka daidaita bisa shekaru, sannan a yi amfani da waɗannan maki wajen lissafa maki na kowane fanni da jimillar IQ na cikakken gwaji (FSIQ). Saboda haka, asalin maki iri ɗaya a ƙaramin gwaji na iya zama maki da aka daidaita daban idan rukunin shekaru ya bambanta.
Don haka, samun IQ iri ɗaya bayan daidaita maki bisa shekaru ba ya nufin cewa matashi da tsoho sun ba da adadin amsoshi daidai iri ɗaya ko sun kammala ayyuka da yawa iri ɗaya. IQ yana nuna matsayin mutum cikin mutanen shekarunsa, maimakon adadin aikin da ya kammala kawai. Labarin ma'anar maki na IQ ya bayyana alaƙar maki da matsayin mutum a cikin rukuni.
Yadda basira ke sauyawa ya bambanta daga fanni zuwa fanni
Ƙarin shekaru ba ya rage dukkan fannoni na basira da kaso iri ɗaya. Abin da yake sauyawa shi ne daidaiton iyawar mutum a fannoni daban. A binciken da ya duba kusan ayyukan tunani 30, lokutan da aka sami sakamako mafi kyau sun bambanta daga ƙarshen shekarun samartaka zuwa shekaru 60 da wani abu. Babu wani lokaci guda da dukkan basira ta kai kololuwa a cikinsa.
| Iya aiki | Lokacin da sakamako kan fi kyau a wasu gwaje-gwajen da ke auna ta | Matsakaicin sauyi bayan haka |
|---|---|---|
| Saurin sarrafa bayanai (Gs) | Ƙarshen shekaru 10–19 zuwa farkon shekaru 20–29 | Yana iya fara raguwa tun farkon rayuwar manya |
| Basirar warware sabbin matsaloli (Gf) | Shekaru 20–29 | Sakamakon ayyukan gano sabbin tsare-tsare da alaƙa yana raguwa a hankali |
| Sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari (Gv) | Shekaru 20–29 | Yana iya raguwa a ayyukan juya siffofi, alaƙar wurare da haɗa sassa |
| Ƙwaƙwalwar aiki (Gwm) | Ƙarshen shekaru 20–29 zuwa farkon shekaru 30–39 | Yana iya raguwa a ayyukan da ke haɗa riƙe bayanai da sauya su ko sabunta su |
| Basirar da aka tara (Gc) | Shekaru 50–69 | Tana ƙaruwa har zuwa tsakiyar shekaru da farkon tsufa, kuma sauyinta zuwa raguwa yana zuwa daga baya |
Waɗannan zangon shekaru suna nuna lokutan da aka gani a wasu gwaje-gwajen da ke auna kowace iya aiki, ba wani takamaiman lokaci guda da kowane fanni dole ya kai kololuwa ba.
Sauri, warware sabbin matsaloli da sauya bayanai kan fara sauyawa da wuri
A saurin sarrafa bayanai (Gs), sauyi yana bayyana da wuri a ayyukan zaɓe daga abubuwa da yawa, kwatanta abubuwa da daidaita lambobi da alamomi, fiye da amsawa kawai ga wata alama. A gwaje-gwajen da ke buƙatar kammala abubuwa da yawa cikin ɗan lokaci, adadin abin da za a iya kammalawa kan ragu ko da an fahimci aikin daidai.
Basirar warware sabbin matsaloli (Gf) ita ma tana raguwa a hankali bayan shekarun farko na rayuwar manya. Sauyin yana bayyana wajen gano tsarin matsala da aka gani a karon farko ko kwatanta sharuɗɗa da yawa a lokaci guda.
A ƙwaƙwalwar aiki (Gwm), raguwa ta fi bayyana a ayyukan da ke ƙara sauya bayanai, kamar juya jeri daga ƙarshe zuwa farko, sake jera abubuwa ko sabunta su, fiye da riƙe bayanai yadda suke na ɗan lokaci. A sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari (Gv) ma, sauyi yana bayyana a juya siffofi a tunani, haɗa sassa su zama cikakken abu, da sarrafa alaƙar wurare da yawa, fiye da bambance siffofi kawai.
Ƙwarewar kalmomi da ilimi kan ƙaru har zuwa tsakiyar shekaru da farkon tsufa
Basirar da aka tara ita ce ikon amfani da kalmomi, ilimin gama gari da ma'anoni da aka koya ta karatu da gogewa wajen fahimta da bayani. Ilimi yana ci gaba da taruwa bayan balaga, don haka yadda wannan basira ke sauyawa da shekaru ya bambanta da saurin sarrafa bayanai da basirar warware sabbin matsaloli.
A binciken ƙwarewar kalmomi na masu shekaru 18–89, sakamakon gwaje-gwajen kalmomi da dama ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa har zuwa kusan shekaru 64–66, sannan ya fara raguwa. A matsakaici, basirar da aka tara gaba ɗaya, har da ƙwarewar kalmomi, tana ƙaruwa har zuwa kusan shekaru 60–69.
Saboda haka, a matsakaicin tsarin iyawar mutane daga tsakiyar shekaru zuwa tsufa, ƙwarewar kalmomi da ilimin da aka tara kan daɗe suna da ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da saurin sarrafa bayanai ko warware sabbin matsaloli. Sauyin saurin sarrafa bayanai bai kamata ya zama fassarar raguwar dukkan basira ba. Abin da yake da muhimmanci shi ne bambance matsayin mutum a cikin mutanen shekarunsa da daidaiton iyawarsa a fannoni daban.
A Braintype IQ na Jafananci ma, an haɗa sauyin da aka tabbatar yana da alaƙa da shekaru a kowane fanni cikin maki na Gf, Gv, Gwm da Gs.