Wannan kwatanci yana tsakanin WAIS-IV na Turanci da WAIS-5 da aka fitar a Amurka a 2024.
An raba PRI zuwa sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari da warware sabbin matsaloli
Babban sauyin shi ne raba fannin tunani daga bayanan gani (PRI) na WAIS-IV zuwa ma'aunai biyu a WAIS-5: VSI na sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari, da FRI na basirar warware sabbin matsaloli.
| WAIS-IV | WAIS-5 na Amurka | Abin da maki yake nunawa |
|---|---|---|
| Fahimtar harshe (VCI) | Verbal Comprehension (VCI): fahimtar harshe | Sanin kalmomi, fahimtar ra'ayoyi, da yin tunani ta hanyar harshe |
| Tunani daga bayanan gani (PRI) | Visual Spatial (VSI): sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari | Fahimtar siffofi da alaƙar matsayinsu, da haɗa su a sarari |
| Tunani daga bayanan gani (PRI) | Fluid Reasoning (FRI): basirar warware sabbin matsaloli | Gano sabbin alaƙa da ƙa'idoji, da alaƙar adadi |
| Ƙwaƙwalwar aiki (WMI) | Working Memory (WMI): ƙwaƙwalwar aiki | Riƙe bayanai na ɗan lokaci yayin amfani da su |
| Saurin sarrafa bayanai (PSI) | Processing Speed (PSI): saurin sarrafa bayanai | Sarrafa bayanan gani masu sauƙi cikin sauri da daidaito |
A WAIS-IV, ana haɗa makin Block Design, wato haɗa tubalan siffofi; Matrix Reasoning, wato gano ƙa'idar tsarin siffofi; da Visual Puzzles, wato zaɓar sassan da za su haɗu su zama siffa, a PRI ɗaya. A WAIS-5, ana lissafa VSI daga Block Design da Visual Puzzles, FRI kuma daga Matrix Reasoning da Figure Weights, wato daidaita ma'aunin siffofi.
Domin fahimtar wanne ya fi ƙarfi tsakanin ayyukan sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari da na warware sabbin matsaloli, a WAIS-IV ana duba ƙananan gwaje-gwajen PRI. A WAIS-5, ana ganin wannan kai tsaye daga bambancin makin VSI da FRI. WAIS-5 yana ba da damar fahimtar fannoni na ƙwarewar tunani dalla-dalla fiye da WAIS-IV, tare da IQ na gaba ɗaya.
An bayyana alaƙar waɗannan ma'aunai biyar da Gc, Gf, Gv, Gwm da Gs a Alaƙar ka'idar CHC da WAIS.
An ƙara ƙananan gwaje-gwajen ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ta gani
A WAIS-IV, ana lissafa WMI daga ayyukan da aka gabatar da baki: Digit Span, wato maimaita lambobin da aka ji, da Arithmetic, wato lissafin baki. A WAIS-5 na Amurka ma, babban WMI yana fitowa daga ayyukan lambobin da aka ji: Digit Sequencing, wato sake jera lambobi, da Running Digits, wato tuna lambobin ƙarshe na jerin da ake karantawa.
WAIS-5 ya kuma ƙara ƙananan gwaje-gwaje biyu dabam domin auna ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ta gani.
| Ƙaramin gwaji | Abin da aikin yake buƙata |
|---|---|
| Symbol Span | Tuna siffofi da matsayinsu a shafi na ɗan lokaci |
| Spatial Addition | Tuna da sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari, cire bayanan da ba a buƙata, sannan haɗa waɗanda suka rage bisa matsayinsu |
Ana lissafa Visual Working Memory Index, wato ma'aunin ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ta gani, daga waɗannan gwaje-gwaje biyu. Tare da riƙe da sarrafa bayanan da aka ji, ana iya samun wani maki dabam na ƙwaƙwalwar aiki da ke sarrafa bayanan gani da sarari.
FSIQ ya sauya daga gwaje-gwaje 10 zuwa 7
Ƙananan gwaje-gwajen da ake amfani da su wajen lissafa FSIQ sun sauya daga 10 a WAIS-IV zuwa 7 a WAIS-5 na Amurka.
| Sauyi | Ƙananan gwaje-gwaje a tsarin FSIQ na WAIS-5 |
|---|---|
| An ci gaba da su daga WAIS-IV | Similarities: bayyana abin da abubuwa suka yi kama a kai; Vocabulary: bayyana ma'anar kalmomi; Block Design: haɗa tubalan siffofi; Matrix Reasoning: gano ƙa'idar tsarin siffofi; Coding: rubuta alamomi bisa maɓalli |
| An ƙara shi cikin FSIQ | Figure Weights: daidaita ma'aunin siffofi |
| Ya zama gwaji dabam daga Digit Span na WAIS-IV | Digit Sequencing: sake jera lambobi |
| An cire su daga FSIQ | Information: tambayoyin ilimi; Visual Puzzles: zaɓar sassan siffa; Arithmetic: lissafin baki; Symbol Search: neman alamomi |
Digit Sequencing ya samo asali daga aikin sake jera lambobi da yake cikin Digit Span na WAIS-IV, amma yanzu ya zama gwaji dabam. Figure Weights ƙarin gwajin PRI ne a WAIS-IV; a WAIS-5, ya zama babban gwajin FRI.
Ba a cire Visual Puzzles da Symbol Search daga WAIS-5 gaba ɗaya ba. Har yanzu suna cikin manyan gwaje-gwajen VSI da PSI, amma ba a haɗa su wajen lissafa FSIQ.
Gwaje-gwajen da ake amfani da su wajen lissafa FSIQ ne suka ragu zuwa 7. WAIS-IV yana da gwaje-gwajen asali 10 da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje 5. WAIS-5 na Amurka yana da manyan gwaje-gwaje 10 da ƙarin gwaje-gwaje 10. Saboda ƙarin gwaje-gwaje sun ƙaru daga 5 zuwa 10, jimillar ƙananan gwaje-gwajen ta ƙaru daga 15 zuwa 20. Wannan ba yana nufin gudanar da duk gwaje-gwaje 20 a lokaci ɗaya ba. Ana ƙara gwaje-gwaje bisa dalilin tantancewar.
An ƙara, rarraba, ko cire ƙananan gwaje-gwaje
A WAIS-5 na Amurka, an ƙara gwaje-gwaje, an rarraba wasu ayyukan WAIS-IV, an cire wasu, sannan an sauya matsayin wasu.
| Sauyi | Ƙananan gwaje-gwaje |
|---|---|
| An ƙara su a WAIS-5 | Running Digits: tuna lambobin ƙarshe na jerin da ake karantawa; Set Relations: gano alaƙar rukunai; Naming Speed Quantity: faɗin adadi cikin sauri; Symbol Span: tuna jerin siffofi; Spatial Addition: tuna da sarrafa matsayi a sarari |
| An raba Digit Span zuwa gwaje-gwaje 3 | Digit Sequencing: sake jera lambobi; Digits Forward: maimaita lambobi a yadda aka ji su; Digits Backward: maimaita lambobi daga ƙarshe zuwa farko |
| An cire su | Picture Completion: gano abin da ya ɓace a hoto; Cancellation: yi wa alamomin da ake nema alama |
| Ya zama babban gwaji | Figure Weights: daidaita ma'aunin siffofi |
| Sun zama ƙarin gwaje-gwaje | Information: tambayoyin ilimi; Arithmetic: lissafin baki |
Digit Span na WAIS-IV yana haɗa maimaita lambobi a jerinsu, maimaita su daga ƙarshe zuwa farko, da sake jera su cikin maki ɗaya. A WAIS-5, waɗannan ukun sun zama ƙananan gwaje-gwaje dabam. Ana amfani da Digit Sequencing a babban WMI da FSIQ, Digits Forward da Digits Backward kuma ƙarin gwaje-gwaje ne. Sabbin gwaje-gwaje 5 suna faɗaɗa abin da ake aunawa a warware sabbin matsaloli, ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ta ji da ta gani, da saurin sarrafa bayanai.
Baya ga manyan ma'aunai, WAIS-5 yana da ƙarin ma'aunai 15, ko Ancillary Indexes, ciki har da GAI. An ƙirƙiri sabbi 14 daga cikinsu. Ana iya bincika manyan fannoni biyar da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, rarrabe ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ta ji da ta gani ko riƙewa da sarrafawa, da haɗa basira ta gaba ɗaya ta hanyar rage nauyin harshe ko motsin jiki wajen amsawa. Hakan yana ƙara hanyoyin fahimtar sakamako bisa dalilin tantancewar.